John Locke 約翰·洛克論文競賽課程

1. 哲學 Philosophy

Q1. What moral obligations do we owe to living persons that we do not owe to future persons? What are the implications of your answer for policy-making? 我們對活著的人負有哪些道德義務，而對未來的人卻沒有？您的答案對政策制定有何影響？

Q2. Should we treat non-human animals well because they have rights, interests, neither, or both? 我們應該因為非人類動物有權利、利益、兩者都沒有，還是兩者都有而善待它們？

Q3. “When civilians are the main target, there’s no need to consider the cause. That’s terrorism; it’s evil.” Is this correct? 「當平民成為主要目標時，無需考慮原因。這就是恐怖主義；這就是邪惡」。這句話對嗎？

2. 政治學 Politics

Q1. Should politicians ever be punished for lying? 政治家是否應該因說謊而受到懲罰？

Q2. David Hume celebrated the wisdom of “unlettered men”. In a democracy, do the votes of the unlettered tend to protect a country against the bad ideas of the lettered or do the votes of the lettered tend to protect a country against the bad ideas of the unlettered? 大衛休謨讚美 「不識字的人 」的智慧。在民主制度下，未受教育者的選票是否有助於保護國家免受受教育者的壞主意，還是受教育者的選票有助於保護國家免受未受教育者的壞主意？

Q3. Diversity is fashionable, but is it valuable? 多樣性是時尚的，但它有價值嗎？

3. 經濟學 Economics

Q1. What kinds of behaviour are engendered by the hope of profit? Is such behaviour better or worse, on balance, than the behaviour we should expect if all enterprises were owned by charities or governments? 期望利潤會引發什麼樣的行為？如果所有企業都由慈善機構或政府擁有，總的來說，這種行為相較於我們應該預期的行為是更好還是更糟？

Q2. What will be the effect on socio-economic mobility of the UK government’s plan to impose value added tax on school fees? 英國政府計劃對學費徵收增值稅，這將對社會經濟流動性產生什麼影響？

​Q3. Should Oxford lower its admissions standards for the sons and daughters of generous benefactors? 牛津大學是否應該降低慷慨資助者子女的入學標準？

4. 歷史 History

Q1. According to Bertrand Russell, “Hitler is an outcome of Rousseau; Roosevelt and Churchill of Locke.” To what extent was he correct? 伯特蘭·羅素認為，「希特勒是盧梭的產物；羅斯福和邱吉爾是洛克的產物。」他在多大程度上是正確的？

Q2. Should anyone be ashamed of their nation’s history? Should anyone be proud of it? 是否應該為自己國家的歷史感到羞恥？是否應該為它感到自豪？

Q3. Which figure in history did most to enlarge human freedom? 歷史上哪位人物對擴大人類自由貢獻最大？

5. 心理學 Psychology

Q1. Is objectivity all in the mind?​ 客觀性是否完全存在於大腦？

Q2. Eleanor Roosevelt declared, “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” Is she right? 羅斯福宣稱：「沒有人能讓你感到低人一等，除非你自己同意。」她說得對嗎？

​Q3. What is self-deceit? 什麼是自欺？

6. 神學 Theology

Q1. Is atheism implausible? 無神論是否不可信？

Q2. Why would the creator of a trillion galaxies become angry if you have sex with your boyfriend or eat bacon for breakfast? 為什麼創造了萬億星系的存在會因為你和男友發生關係或早餐吃培根而生氣？

Q3. Why pray? 為什麼要祈禱？

7. 法律 Law

Q1. What injury should one person be permitted to inflict on another in the defence of private property? 在私人財產的防衛中，一個人應該允許對另一個人造成什麼傷害？

​Q2. “Use every man after his desert, and who should ’scape whipping?” Should the law treat offenders better than they deserve? 「按人的罪行對待每個人，否則誰能避免鞭打？」法律是否應該比犯人應得的對待他們更好？

​​Q3. Is Vladimir Putin a war criminal? 弗拉基米爾·普丁是戰爭罪犯嗎？

8. 低年級組 Junior Prize

Q1. Your citizenship at birth was chosen for you. Which citizenship would you have chosen? 你出生時的國籍是為你所選擇的。你會選擇哪個國籍？

​Q2. Do you benefit more from your own freedom of speech or from other people’s? 你從自己的言論自由中獲益多，還是從他人的言論自由中獲益多？

​Q3. Who is more powerful – Donald Trump or Elon Musk? 唐納德·特朗普和埃隆·馬斯克誰更強大？

​Q4. Since 1920, twenty-one presidents and prime ministers from nine countries have been graduates of Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) at Oxford. Would it have been better if they had studied history? 自 1920 年以來，9 個國家的 21 位總統和總理都是牛津大學哲學、政治學和經濟學（PPE）的畢業生。如果他們學的是歷史會更好嗎？

Q5. What is your fair share of what someone else has earned? 你該分享多少別人賺的錢？

​​​Q6. Why do you continue to use your smartphone more than is good for you? 為什麼你會繼續使用智慧型手機，即使它對你並不好？

​Q7. Why do people become more boring as they grow up and grow older? 為什麼人們隨著成長和變老變得更加無聊？