John Locke 约翰·洛克论文竞赛

1. 哲学 Philosophy

Q1. What moral obligations do we owe to living persons that we do not owe to future persons? What are the implications of your answer for policy-making? 我们对活着的人负有哪些道德义务，而对未来的人却没有？您的答案对政策制定有何影响？

Q2. Should we treat non-human animals well because they have rights, interests, neither, or both? 我们应该因为非人类动物有权利、利益、两者都没有，还是两者都有而善待它们？

Q3. “When civilians are the main target, there’s no need to consider the cause. That’s terrorism; it’s evil.” Is this correct? “当平民成为主要目标时，无需考虑原因。这就是恐怖主义；这就是邪恶”。这句话对吗？

2. 政治学 Politics

Q1. Should politicians ever be punished for lying? 政治家是否应该因撒谎而受到惩罚？

Q2. David Hume celebrated the wisdom of “unlettered men”. In a democracy, do the votes of the unlettered tend to protect a country against the bad ideas of the lettered or do the votes of the lettered tend to protect a country against the bad ideas of the unlettered? 大卫·休谟赞美 “不识字的人 ”的智慧。在民主制度下，未受教育者的选票是否有助于保护国家免受受教育者的坏主意，还是受教育者的选票有助于保护国家免受未受教育者的坏主意？

Q3. Diversity is fashionable, but is it valuable? 多样性是时尚的，但它有价值吗？

3. 经济学 Economics

Q1. What kinds of behaviour are engendered by the hope of profit? Is such behaviour better or worse, on balance, than the behaviour we should expect if all enterprises were owned by charities or governments? 期望利润会引发什么样的行为？如果所有企业都由慈善机构或政府拥有，总的来说，这种行为相较于我们应该预期的行为是更好还是更坏？

Q2. What will be the effect on socio-economic mobility of the UK government’s plan to impose value added tax on school fees? 英国政府计划对学费征收增值税，这将对社会经济流动性产生什么影响？

​Q3. Should Oxford lower its admissions standards for the sons and daughters of generous benefactors? 牛津大学是否应该降低对慷慨资助者子女的录取标准？

4. 历史 History

Q1. According to Bertrand Russell, “Hitler is an outcome of Rousseau; Roosevelt and Churchill of Locke.” To what extent was he correct? 伯特兰·罗素认为，“希特勒是卢梭的产物；罗斯福和丘吉尔是洛克的产物。”他在多大程度上是正确的？

Q2. Should anyone be ashamed of their nation’s history? Should anyone be proud of it? 是否应该为自己国家的历史感到羞耻？是否应该为它感到自豪？

Q3. Which figure in history did most to enlarge human freedom? 历史上哪位人物对扩大人类自由贡献最大？

5. 心理学 Psychology

Q1. Is objectivity all in the mind?​ 客观性是否完全存在于大脑中？

Q2. Eleanor Roosevelt declared, “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” Is she right? 埃莉诺·罗斯福宣称：“没有人能让你感到低人一等，除非你自己同意。”她说得对吗？

​Q3. What is self-deceit? 什么是自欺？

6. 神学Theology

Q1. Is atheism implausible? 无神论是否不可信？

Q2. Why would the creator of a trillion galaxies become angry if you have sex with your boyfriend or eat bacon for breakfast? 为什么创造了万亿星系的存在会因为你和男朋友发生关系或早餐吃培根而生气？

Q3. Why pray? 为什么要祈祷？

7. 法律 Law

Q1. What injury should one person be permitted to inflict on another in the defence of private property? 在私人财产的防卫中，一个人应该允许对另一个人造成什么伤害？

​Q2. “Use every man after his desert, and who should ’scape whipping?” Should the law treat offenders better than they deserve? “按人的罪行来对待每个人，否则谁能避免鞭打？”法律是否应该比犯人应得的对待他们更好？

​​Q3. Is Vladimir Putin a war criminal? 弗拉基米尔·普京是战争罪犯吗？

8. 低年级组 Junior Prize

Q1. Your citizenship at birth was chosen for you. Which citizenship would you have chosen? 你出生时的国籍是为你选择的。你会选择哪个国籍？

​Q2. Do you benefit more from your own freedom of speech or from other people’s? 你从自己的言论自由中获益多，还是从他人的言论自由中获益多？

​Q3. Who is more powerful – Donald Trump or Elon Musk? 唐纳德·特朗普和埃隆·马斯克谁更强大？

​Q4. Since 1920, twenty-one presidents and prime ministers from nine countries have been graduates of Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) at Oxford. Would it have been better if they had studied history? 自 1920 年以来，9 个国家的 21 位总统和总理都是牛津大学哲学、政治学和经济学（PPE）专业的毕业生。如果他们学的是历史会更好吗？

Q5. What is your fair share of what someone else has earned? 你应该分享多少别人赚得的钱？

​​​Q6. Why do you continue to use your smartphone more than is good for you? 为什么你会继续使用智能手机，即使它对你并不好？

​Q7. Why do people become more boring as they grow up and grow older? 为什么人们随着成长和变老变得更加无聊？